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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Montesquieu
Montesquieu

1689 CE – 1755 CE

EnlightenmentFrench

Born Bordeaux

He studied laws the way others studied nature, and gave the modern world the separation of powers.

Portrait of John Locke
John Locke

1632 CE – 1704 CE

Early ModernEmpiricist

The mind begins as a blank slate. All knowledge comes from experience. He wrote the philosophy that launched modern democracy.

Connection

John Locke influence Montesquieu — Montesquieu drew on Locke's account of liberty in building his theory of the separation of powers.

Ideas

Natural LawJusticeTolerance
EmpiricismThe Social Contract

Words

“Constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it.”

— Montesquieu

“No man's knowledge here can go beyond his experience.”

— John Locke

Key Moments

1689 CE

Born near Bordeaux

1721 CE

Persian Letters

1748 CE

The Spirit of the Laws

1755 CE

Death in Bordeaux

1632 CE

Born in Wrington, Somerset

1689 CE

Publishes Essay Concerning Human Understanding

1689 CE

Returns to England After the Glorious Revolution

1690 CE

Two Treatises of Government

Works

The Spirit of the Laws

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Atlas of Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE