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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Descartes
Descartes

1596 CE – 1650 CE

Early ModernRationalist

I think, therefore I am. He doubted everything until he found one thing he could not doubt: the fact that he was doubting.

Portrait of Elisabeth of Bohemia
Elisabeth of Bohemia

1618 CE – 1680 CE

Early ModernRationalist

She asked Descartes the question he could never answer: if mind and body are separate substances, how does one move the other?

Connection

Descartes correspondent and critic Elisabeth of Bohemia — Elisabeth's questions forced Descartes to confront the mind-body problem he had created.

Shared Ideas

The Mind-Body ProblemReason

Ideas

Methodical DoubtThe Mind-Body ProblemReason
The Mind-Body ProblemReason

Words

“I think, therefore I am.”

— Descartes

“It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well.”

— Descartes

“I beg you to tell me how the soul of a human being can determine the bodily spirits to perform voluntary actions, being only a thinking substance.”

— Elisabeth of Bohemia

Key Moments

1596 CE

Born in La Haye en Touraine

1619 CE

The Stove-Heated Room

1641 CE

Publishes Meditations on First Philosophy

1650 CE

Dies in Stockholm

1618 CE

Born in The Hague

1643 CE

Correspondence with Descartes on Mind and Body

1667 CE

Becomes Abbess of Herford

1680 CE

Death at Herford

Works

Meditations on First Philosophy

Correspondence with Descartes

Atlas of Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE