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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Dong Zhongshu
Dong Zhongshu

c. 179 BCE – c. 104 BCE

ConfucianChinese

He persuaded the Han emperor to make Confucianism the law of the land, and rewrote the cosmos to prove it was always meant to be that way.

Z
Zou Yan

c. 305 BCE – c. 240 BCE

NaturalistYin-YangChinese

Born Linzi

He wove the cycles of yin and yang together with five elemental phases into a single cosmology of change, then used it to predict which dynasty must inevitably rise, conquer, and eventually fall next.

Connection

Zou Yan yin-yang cosmology fused with Confucianism Dong Zhongshu — Dong Zhongshu built his synthesis of Confucian ethics with cosmic order directly on the yin-yang and five-phases framework Zou Yan had systematized over a century earlier, giving Han dynasty Confucianism its cosmological architecture.

Shared Ideas

Nature

Ideas

VirtueNature
NatureChange

Words

“Whenever a new dynasty is about to arise, Heaven exhibits auspicious signs to the people below, matched to the power of one of the five phases.”

— Zou Yan

“What the Confucian scholars call the Middle Kingdom occupies but one part in eighty-one of the whole world.”

— Zou Yan

Key Moments

c. 270s BCE

Teaches at the Jixia Academy

c. 260s BCE

Proposes the Nine Continents cosmography

Atlas of Thinkers

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE