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The Arthashastra

Chanakya·c. 300 BCE·Sanskrit·attributed

About this text

A treatise on statecraft of astonishing range, covering law, taxation, diplomacy, espionage, agriculture, and war with a frankness that spares no illusion about power. The king's duty is the welfare of his people; the means it sanctions are unsentimental in the extreme.

In the happiness of his subjects lies the king's happiness; in their welfare, his welfare. The king shall not consider good what pleases himself, but whatever pleases his subjects he shall consider good.

The king who is well educated and disciplined in the sciences, devoted to the good government of his subjects, and bent on doing good to all people, will enjoy the earth unopposed.

Government is the science of the rod. Used with impartial judgement, the rod guards this world and the next: awarded with due consideration, it makes the people devoted to righteousness and to works productive of wealth; awarded unjustly, in passion or in anger, it enrages even forest hermits. But if the rod is not used at all, the strong swallow the weak, as fish do in water.

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