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The Liezi

Liezi·c. 400 BCE·Chinese·attributed

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A collection of Daoist tales and reflections gathered in Liezi's name, turning on emptiness, spontaneity, dreams, and the folly of clinging. Quieter than Laozi and stranger than Zhuangzi, it doubts whether waking and dreaming differ as much as we assume.

There was once a man of Qi who was so afraid that the sky would fall and the earth cave in that he could neither sleep nor eat. Another man, troubled that he should be so troubled, went to enlighten him: the sky is only accumulated air, and there is no place where air is not — why fear that it will fall?

Among the people of the seashore there was one who loved seagulls. Every morning he swam out among them, and the gulls came to him by the hundred. His father said: they tell me the gulls all follow you about — bring me some to play with. Next morning the gulls danced above him and would not come down.

Your body is not your own possession: it is a shape lent to you by heaven and earth. Your life is not your own possession: it is a harmony among things, granted for a time.

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