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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Ashvaghosha
Ashvaghosha

c. 80 CE – c. 150 CE

BuddhistIndian

The first great Sanskrit poet, who told the Buddha's life as an epic and made philosophy sing.

Portrait of Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna

c. 150 CE – c. 250 CE

IndianBuddhist

Everything is empty. Not empty of existence, but empty of independent, permanent essence. He turned Buddhist logic into a razor.

Connection

Ashvaghosha early Mahayana groundwork Nagarjuna — Ashvaghosha belongs to the generation in which Mahayana themes were taking literary form, and later tradition placed him just before Nagarjuna as part of the same turn.

Shared Ideas

Emptiness (Shunyata)

Ideas

The Four Noble TruthsEmptiness (Shunyata)
Emptiness (Shunyata)ReasonKarma

Words

“As the moon trembles in moving water, so the world the unawakened see trembles with their own desire.”

— Ashvaghosha

“Whatever is dependently arisen, that is explained to be emptiness.”

— Nagarjuna

“Without a foundation in conventional truth, the significance of the ultimate cannot be taught.”

— Nagarjuna

Key Moments

c. 80 CE

Born a Brahmin Poet

c. 100 CE

Conversion to Buddhism

c. 120 CE

The Buddhacarita

c. 130 CE

Court of Kanishka

c. 150 CE

Born in South India

c. 175 CE

Founds Madhyamaka Philosophy

c. 175 CE

Writes the Mulamadhyamakakarika

c. 250 CE

Death in South India

Works

The Buddhacarita

Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way

Atlas of Thinkers

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE