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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

1149 CE – 1209 CE

IslamicTheologian

Born Rayy

He took apart the great philosophical system of Avicenna argument by argument, and rebuilt Islamic theology on the ruins.

Portrait of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

1201 CE – 1274 CE

Islamic

Astronomer, mathematician, and ethicist who saved a library from the Mongols and built the observatory that reformed the model of the heavens.

Connection

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi commentary answered by commentary Nasir al-Din al-Tusi — Al-Tusi wrote his own commentary on the Pointers expressly to rescue Ibn Sina from Fakhr al-Din's attacks, producing one of the sharpest exchanges in Islamic philosophy, conducted across a century and entirely in the margins of another man's book.

Ideas

The IntellectFaith & Reason
ReasonNature

Words

“The utmost reach of the intellects is a shackle; most of the striving of the learned is going astray.”

— Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

“I have tested the methods of theology and the ways of philosophy, and I did not find in them what quenches the thirsty.”

— Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

“The end of philosophy is to order the soul as the astronomer orders the heavens: by measure, not by wish.”

— Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Key Moments

1149 CE

Born in Rayy

c. 1180 CE

Disputations across the East

c. 1203 CE

Honored at Herat

1201 CE

Born in Tus

1259 CE

The Maragheh Observatory

c. 1260 CE

The Tusi Couple

1274 CE

Death in Baghdad

Works

The Great Commentary

The Nasirean Ethics

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE