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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna

c. 150 CE – c. 250 CE

IndianBuddhist

Everything is empty. Not empty of existence, but empty of independent, permanent essence. He turned Buddhist logic into a razor.

Portrait of Vasubandhu
Vasubandhu

c. 320 CE – c. 400 CE

BuddhistIndian

The master who mapped the whole of early Buddhist thought, then crossed over to argue that the world we see is mind only.

Connection

Nagarjuna Mahayana tradition Vasubandhu — Vasubandhu's Yogacara took shape alongside the Madhyamaka tradition that Nagarjuna founded, the two great wings of Mahayana thought.

Shared Ideas

Emptiness (Shunyata)Karma

Ideas

Emptiness (Shunyata)ReasonKarma
The Mind-Body ProblemEmptiness (Shunyata)Karma

Words

“Whatever is dependently arisen, that is explained to be emptiness.”

— Nagarjuna

“Without a foundation in conventional truth, the significance of the ultimate cannot be taught.”

— Nagarjuna

“All this is consciousness only, for the world appears as the objects of a dream appear.”

— Vasubandhu

Key Moments

c. 150 CE

Born in South India

c. 175 CE

Founds Madhyamaka Philosophy

c. 175 CE

Writes the Mulamadhyamakakarika

c. 250 CE

Death in South India

c. 320 CE

Born in Gandhara

c. 360 CE

The Abhidharmakosha

c. 380 CE

The Turn to Mind-Only

c. 390 CE

Twenty Verses on Consciousness

Works

Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way

Thirty Verses on Consciousness-Only

Atlas of Thinkers

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE