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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Z
Zou Yan

c. 305 BCE – c. 240 BCE

NaturalistYin-YangChinese

Born Linzi

He wove the cycles of yin and yang together with five elemental phases into a single cosmology of change, then used it to predict which dynasty must inevitably rise, conquer, and eventually fall next.

Portrait of Dong Zhongshu
Dong Zhongshu

c. 179 BCE – c. 104 BCE

ConfucianChinese

He persuaded the Han emperor to make Confucianism the law of the land, and rewrote the cosmos to prove it was always meant to be that way.

Connection

Zou Yan yin-yang cosmology fused with Confucianism Dong Zhongshu — Dong Zhongshu built his synthesis of Confucian ethics with cosmic order directly on the yin-yang and five-phases framework Zou Yan had systematized over a century earlier, giving Han dynasty Confucianism its cosmological architecture.

Shared Ideas

Nature

Ideas

NatureChange
VirtueNature

Words

“Whenever a new dynasty is about to arise, Heaven exhibits auspicious signs to the people below, matched to the power of one of the five phases.”

— Zou Yan

“What the Confucian scholars call the Middle Kingdom occupies but one part in eighty-one of the whole world.”

— Zou Yan

Key Moments

c. 270s BCE

Teaches at the Jixia Academy

c. 260s BCE

Proposes the Nine Continents cosmography

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE