Eser

Konuşmalar

Lunyu

Konfüçyüs·c. 400 BCE·Chinese

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Konfüçyüs ile öğrencileri arasındaki konuşmaları derleyen bir eser, ölümünden sonra toplanmıştır. Sistematik bir inceleme değil, nasıl yaşanacağına dair sesli düşünen bir adamın portresidir.

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James Legge translation, from The Chinese Classics, Volume 1 (1861, 2nd edition 1893). Public domain.

Book I: On Learning

Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?

Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue.

I daily examine myself on three points: whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful; whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere; whether I may have not mastered and practised the instructions of my teacher.

A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies.

If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.

He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified: such a person may be said indeed to love to learn.

I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.

Book XV: The Silver Rule

What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.

The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete.

The mechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools.

What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others.

A man can enlarge the principles which he follows; those principles do not enlarge the man.

To have faults and not to reform them: this, indeed, should be pronounced having faults.

When a man is not in the habit of saying, 'What shall I think of this? What shall I think of this?' I can indeed do nothing with him.

Let every man consider virtue as what devolves on himself. He should not yield the performance of it even to his teacher.

In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.

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