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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Pythagoras
Pythagoras

c. 570 BCE – c. 495 BCE

Pre-SocraticPythagorean

Born Samos

Number is the language of the cosmos. He built a life around that belief.

Portrait of Empedocles
Empedocles

c. 494 BCE – c. 434 BCE

Pre-Socratic

Born Acragas

Four roots: earth, water, air, fire. Two forces: love draws together, strife tears apart. He jumped into a volcano to prove he was a god.

Connection

Pythagoras transmigration inherited Empedocles — Empedocles' claim to have been a boy, a girl, a bush, a bird and a fish belongs to the Pythagorean doctrine of the soul's transmigration, which had spread through the Greek cities of Sicily and southern Italy.

Ideas

ReasonHappiness
NatureChange

Words

“Number is the ruler of forms and ideas, and the cause of gods and daemons.”

— Pythagoras

“There is geometry in the humming of the strings. There is music in the spacing of the spheres.”

— Pythagoras

“There is only mixing and exchange of what is mixed. 'Nature' is only a name given to these things by men.”

— Empedocles

“Fire and water and earth and the endless height of air; and cursed Strife apart from these, balanced in every way, and Love among them, equal in length and breadth.”

— Empedocles

Key Moments

c. 570 BCE

Born on Samos

c. 570 BCE

Born in Samos

c. 535 BCE

Travels to Egypt and Babylon

c. 532 BCE

Leaving Samos

c. 494 BCE

Born in Acragas, Sicily

c. 494 BCE

Born in Acragas

c. 460 BCE

The Four Roots

c. 460 BCE

Refuses the kingship of Acragas

Works

The Life & Doctrines

The Golden Verses

On Nature & Purifications

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE