Atlas of Thinkers
ThinkersAtlasTimelineLibraryBlog
WorksFragmentsQuotesReadSchoolsVirtuesPlacesIdeasConceptsInfluenceAbout

Explore

Compare

Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of John Rawls
John Rawls

1921 CE – 2002 CE

PoliticalContemporaryAmerican

Born Baltimore

He asked what principles of justice you would choose if you didn't know who you'd be. The answer was more radical than anyone expected.

Portrait of Martha Nussbaum
Martha Nussbaum

1947 CE

PoliticalContemporaryAmerican

Born New York

She argues that a just society must ask not only who has how much, but what people can actually do and be.

Connection

John Rawls capabilities respond to Martha Nussbaum — Nussbaum developed the capabilities approach partly as an answer to Rawls: his account of primary goods was too thin and too focused on resources, missing what people actually need to live fully human lives.

Shared Ideas

JusticeEquality

Ideas

JusticeEqualityThe Social ContractThe General Will
JusticeHappinessEqualityMoral Sentiments

Words

“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.”

— John Rawls

“Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.”

— John Rawls

“Emotions are not just the fuel that powers the psychological mechanism of a reasoning creature, they are parts, highly complex and messy parts, of this creature's reasoning itself.”

— Martha Nussbaum

“To be a good human being is to have a kind of openness to the world — an ability to trust uncertain things beyond your own control.”

— Martha Nussbaum

Key Moments

1950

Princeton doctorate and early career

1971

A Theory of Justice reshapes political philosophy

1986 CE

The Fragility of Goodness

1995

Chicago appointment and the capabilities approach

Works

A Theory of Justice

The Fragility of Goodness

Atlas of Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

Letters from the Atlas

One thinker, one idea, one passage, once a month.

Explore

  • Thinkers
  • Atlas
  • Works

Browse

  • Concepts
  • Fragments
  • Volumes

About

  • About the Atlas
  • Image Credits

Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE