Atlas of Thinkers
ThinkersAtlasTimelineLibraryBlog
WorksFragmentsQuotesReadSchoolsVirtuesPlacesIdeasConceptsInfluenceAbout

Explore

Compare

Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Adam Smith
Adam Smith

1723 CE – 1790 CE

EnlightenmentScottish

Born Edinburgh

He explained how a market economy works, but he started from a question about why we feel for strangers. His two books are one argument.

Portrait of Karl Marx
Karl Marx

1818 CE – 1883 CE

MaterialistModernGerman

He argued that philosophy had been describing the world when it should be changing it, and then described it more precisely than almost anyone.

Connection

Adam Smith the classical economists inherited and inverted Karl Marx — Marx worked through Smith line by line, accepting the labour theory of value he found there and turning the account of a self-regulating market into a case about who ends up owning the product.

Ideas

Moral SentimentsVirtueNatural Law
EqualityThe Social ContractProgress

Words

“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.”

— Adam Smith

“How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature which interest him in the fortune of others, and render their happiness necessary to him.”

— Adam Smith

“Philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it.”

— Karl Marx

“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.”

— Karl Marx

Key Moments

1723 CE

Born in Kirkcaldy

1759 CE

Theory of Moral Sentiments

1776 CE

The Wealth of Nations

1790 CE

Death in Edinburgh

1849

Permanent exile in London

1867

Capital, Volume I published

Works

The Theory of Moral Sentiments

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Capital, Volume I

Atlas of Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

Letters from the Atlas

One thinker, one idea, one passage, once a month.

Explore

  • Thinkers
  • Atlas
  • Works

Browse

  • Concepts
  • Fragments
  • Volumes

About

  • About the Atlas
  • Image Credits

Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE