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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Auguste Comte
Auguste Comte

1798 CE – 1857 CE

PositivistFrench

Born Montpellier

He argued that human thought passes through three ages (the religious, the philosophical, and the scientific) and tried to found a new science, and eventually a new religion, for the last one.

Portrait of John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill

1806 CE – 1873 CE

UtilitarianModernBritish

Born London

He was raised as a philosophical experiment, had a breakdown at twenty, worked his way out through poetry, and spent the rest of his life refining the case for liberty.

Connection

Auguste Comte positivism, embraced and then resisted John Stuart Mill — Mill corresponded extensively with Comte and initially embraced much of positivism's scientific ambition for the study of society, before breaking with him publicly over the Religion of Humanity, which Mill considered a strange and illiberal turn.

Ideas

ProgressReason
HappinessInner FreedomEqualityEmpiricismToleranceThe Categorical Imperative

Words

“Savoir pour prévoir, prévoir pour pouvoir.”

— Auguste Comte

“Love as a principle, order as a basis, progress as a goal.”

— Auguste Comte

“The only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs.”

— John Stuart Mill

“It is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.”

— John Stuart Mill

Key Moments

1824

Breaks with Saint-Simon

1851

Founds the Religion of Humanity

c. 1826-30

Mental crisis and recovery through poetry

1859

On Liberty published

1865-68

Elected MP for Westminster

Works

Course of Positive Philosophy

On Liberty

Utilitarianism

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE