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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Moses Mendelssohn
Moses Mendelssohn

1729 CE – 1786 CE

EnlightenmentJewish PhilosophyGerman

He walked into the Berlin salons as a Jewish outsider and reasoned his way to the center of the Enlightenment without abandoning who he was.

Portrait of Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant

1724 CE – 1804 CE

EnlightenmentIdealistPrussian

Born Konigsberg

He never left Konigsberg. He remade philosophy. The mind does not simply receive the world; it constructs it. Everything after him is a response.

Connection

Moses Mendelssohn correspondents on enlightenment Immanuel Kant — Kant and Mendelssohn corresponded with mutual respect and answered the same public question, what is enlightenment, in the same journal, with Mendelssohn's reply appearing months before Kant's.

Shared Ideas

Reason

Ideas

ReasonTolerance
The Categorical ImperativeDutyReasonInner FreedomThe General Will

Words

“The state gives orders and coerces; religion teaches and persuades.”

— Moses Mendelssohn

“Let us not feign agreement where diversity is evidently the plan and purpose of Providence.”

— Moses Mendelssohn

“Two things fill the mind with ever-increasing wonder and awe: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.”

— Immanuel Kant

“Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own understanding.”

— Immanuel Kant

Key Moments

1743 CE

The walk from Dessau

1767 CE

The Socrates of Berlin

1769 CE

The Lavater challenge

1724 CE

Born in Konigsberg

1781 CE

Critique of Pure Reason

1784 CE

What Is Enlightenment?

1804 CE

Death in Konigsberg

Works

Jerusalem, or On Religious Power and Judaism

Critique of Pure Reason

Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE