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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of David Chalmers
David Chalmers

1966 CE

Philosophy of MindContemporaryAustralian

He named the hard problem of consciousness, why physical processes feel like anything at all, and no one has solved it yet.

Portrait of John Searle
John Searle

1932 CE – 2025 CE

Philosophy of MindPhilosophy of LanguageAmerican

Born Denver

He imagined a man locked in a room, correctly answering questions in Chinese by following a rulebook without understanding a word of it: his argument that no computer, however cleverly programmed, truly understands anything either.

Connection

John Searle biological naturalism versus the hard problem David Chalmers — Searle and Chalmers directly engaged each other's arguments in the consciousness debates of the 1990s, Searle insisting consciousness is a straightforward biological property of brains against Chalmers's case that the hard problem resists any such easy naturalization.

Shared Ideas

The Mind-Body Problem

Ideas

The Mind-Body ProblemBeing
The Mind-Body ProblemThe Intellect

Words

“Consciousness is at once the most familiar and the most mysterious aspect of our lives.”

— David Chalmers

“Why does the performance of these functions feel like something from the inside?”

— David Chalmers

“Whatever purely formal principles you put into the computer, they will not be sufficient for understanding, since a human will be able to follow the formal principles without understanding anything.”

— John Searle

“Speaking a language is engaging in a rule-governed form of behavior.”

— John Searle

Key Moments

1994

Names the hard problem of consciousness

2004

NYU Center for Mind, Brain, and Consciousness

1980

Publishes the Chinese Room argument

2019

Stripped of emeritus status

Works

The Conscious Mind

Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE