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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels

1820 CE – 1895 CE

MaterialistGerman

Born Barmen

The son of a textile factory owner, he spent his inheritance funding Marx's writing and co-wrote the pamphlet that gave the workers of the world something to lose their chains for.

Portrait of G.W.F. Hegel
G.W.F. Hegel

1770 CE – 1831 CE

IdealistModernGerman

He tried to say everything at once (that history is reason unfolding, that mind and world are one) and nearly managed it.

Connection

G.W.F. Hegel dialectics turned materialist Friedrich Engels — Engels, like Marx, absorbed Hegel's dialectical method of understanding history as a process of conflict and resolution, then inverted its idealist premise to argue that material and economic conditions, not the unfolding of Spirit, drive historical change.

Ideas

Inner FreedomJustice
ReasonProgressChangeThe General WillThe Categorical Imperative

Words

“The state is not abolished, it withers away.”

— Friedrich Engels

“An industrial revolution has taken place in England, a revolution which... is transforming the whole civil society.”

— Friedrich Engels

“The owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling of the dusk.”

— G.W.F. Hegel

“What experience and history teach is this — that peoples and governments have never learned anything from history, nor acted on lessons they might have drawn from it.”

— G.W.F. Hegel

Key Moments

1845

Publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England

1885-1894

Edits and publishes Capital, volumes two and three

October 1806

Phenomenology finished as Napoleon enters Jena

1818

Professor and rector in Berlin

14 November 1831

Death by cholera

Works

The Condition of the Working Class in England

Phenomenology of Spirit

Philosophy of Right

Atlas of Thinkers

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE