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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Sextus Empiricus
Sextus Empiricus

c. 160 CE – c. 210 CE

Skeptic

The doctor who prescribed doubt. Suspend judgment on everything, he said, and tranquility follows on its own.

Portrait of Montaigne
Montaigne

1533 CE – 1592 CE

SkepticEarly Modern

Born Bordeaux

He invented the essay to ask a single question of everything: what do I know? His honest answer was, almost nothing for certain.

Connection

Sextus Empiricus revived in the Renaissance Montaigne — The rediscovery of Sextus in the sixteenth century handed Montaigne the skeptical arguments behind his question, what do I know?

Shared Ideas

Skepticism

Ideas

SkepticismReason
SkepticismMethodical Doubt

Words

“To every argument an equal argument is opposed; and so we suspend judgment, and tranquility follows.”

— Sextus Empiricus

“What do I know?”

— Montaigne

Key Moments

c. 160 CE

Born

c. 190 CE

Outlines of Pyrrhonism

c. 195 CE

Epochē and Tranquility

c. 200 CE

Against the Dogmatists

1533 CE

Born near Bordeaux

1571 CE

Retreat to the Tower

c. 1580 CE

What Do I Know?

1592 CE

Death at Montaigne

Works

Outlines of Pyrrhonism

Essays

Atlas of Thinkers

A story-first philosophy atlas. Explore history's greatest thinkers through place, time, movement, and ideas.

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE