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Two thinkers, side by side

Life

Portrait of Al-Ash'ari
Al-Ash'ari

874 CE – 936 CE

Islamic

Born Basra

The theologian who turned against his own teachers to argue that reason must serve revelation, founding the school that became Sunni orthodoxy.

Portrait of Al-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali

1058 CE – 1111 CE

IslamicSufi

Born Tus

He held the most prestigious teaching post in the Islamic world, then abandoned it. Philosophy had failed him. Only direct experience of God would do.

Connection

Al-Ash'ari theological school Al-Ghazali — Al-Ghazali worked within, and brought to its height, the Ash'ari theology that al-Ash'ari had founded.

Shared Ideas

Faith & Reason

Shared Places

Baghdad

Ideas

Faith & ReasonReason
Faith & ReasonSkepticism

Words

“Fire does not burn by its own nature, but because God wills the burning at every instant.”

— Al-Ash'ari

“Knowledge without action is vanity, and action without knowledge is insanity.”

— Al-Ghazali

Key Moments

874 CE

Born in Basra

c. 912 CE

The Public Break

c. 920 CE

Reason Serves Revelation

936 CE

Death in Baghdad

1091 CE

Teaching at the Nizamiyya

1095 CE

Crisis and Departure

c. 1095 CE

The Incoherence of the Philosophers

1111 CE

Death in Tus

Works

The Elucidation of the Foundations of Religion

The Incoherence of the Philosophers

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Volume I · Ancient Greece · 624-262 BCE